Hydrogen has number of applications from chemical processing, petroleum recovery and refining, metal production and fabrication, aerospace, and fuel cells. The sectors which impose the largest demand for hydrogen are petroleum refinery and ammonia production while automotive fuel is an emerging sector with huge potential in the future. Hydrogen can be generated by the company itself which is utilizing it and can also be purchased from hydrogen producers (other company). The former one called the captive production while later one is known as merchant production.

Market size of global hydrogen production is estimated to 53 million metric tons in 2010, in which 12% is shared by merchant hydrogen and rest with captive production. With decreasing sulfur level in petroleum products, lowering crude oil quality and rising demand of hydrogen operated fuel cell applications, global hydrogen production volume is forecasted to grow by compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6% during 2011 – 2016. Hydrogen production market in terms of value is estimated to be $82.6 billion in 2010.

Hydrogen is either produced centrally or on-site. On-site generation (also known as distributed generation) eliminates number of problems associated with transportation and delivery and thus market for on-site generation system is growing significantly. Also, in recent years, small scale on-site generation option has become more lucrative since new on-site hydrogen generation technologies offering low cost when compared to delivered merchant hydrogen. When hydrogen is produced using a centralized plant, it has to be delivered to the point of consumption by various delivery modes such as pipeline, cylinders, trailers, etc.

For large quantities, pipelines are the preferred option. Although pipeline delivery is cheaper compared to packaged options like trailers in long term, but it can only be economically justified when quantity is sufficiently high. Pipelines require significant initial investment and thus preferred when sales are high. On the other hand, cylinders are used for small quantities and hence preferred by industries such as glass manufacturing, metal production and fabrication, food processing, electronics etc.

Asia & Oceania region is the largest market with 39% of global production share in 2010. The region generated around 21 million metric tons of hydrogen in 2010. Asia & Oceania region pioneers in refinery and ammonia production capacity and this makes it the largest consumer. Europe & Eurasia is the second largest producer followed by North America which comes third. North America is the largest market for merchant hydrogen with 60% of global merchant hydrogen production in 2010. Country wise, U.S. is the largest merchant producer with 47% of global merchant hydrogen production share. China is the largest consumer with 22% of global hydrogen consumption share. China’s maximum demand comes from ammonia producers. The country is the world’s largest ammonia producer and accounts for 32% of world wide ammonia production as per 2010 data.

Presently, most of the hydrogen for industrial purposes is produced by steam reforming of natural gas or methane. This production technology dominates due to easy availability and low prices of natural gas. Partial oxidation of petroleum oil is second in production capacity after steam reforming of natural gas. The third largest production technology in terms of production capacity is steam gasification of coal. In 2010, estimated 25.6 million metric tons of hydrogen was produced using steam methane reforming (SMR). If looking at production cost, it varies according to size of production plant, type of plant, utilization factor, feedstock’s cost, transportation, and delivery. This report focuses and analyzes hydrogen production cost for all major production technologies against different feedstock and plant capacity factor.

The report ‘Hydrogen Generation Market by Merchant and Captive Type, Distributed and Centralized Generation, Application and Technology - Trends and Forecasts 2011-2016’ identifies all possible market segments and gives current and future market size estimations in terms of volume and value for all.

Market Covered

This report breaks up global hydrogen production market by generation and delivery mode, applications, technology, and geography.

Generation and delivery mode: Market is segmented into merchant and captive production. Merchant production is further classified into large on-site plants and pipelines, bulk and delivery of hydrogen gas, bulk delivery in liquid form and small on-site production.

Applications: This chapter focuses on major hydrogen consumers, i.e., petroleum refinery, ammonia production, and methanol production, and also includes emerging applications like fuel cells.

Technology: This section covers four major generation technologies, steam reforming, partial oxidation, gasification, and electrolysis.

Geography: Regions that are analyzed in this report include North America, Central and South America, Europe and Eurasia, Middle East, Africa, and Asia & Oceania.

Stakeholders

• Merchant Hydrogen Producers
• Hydrogen generation equipment manufacturers and suppliers
• Refinery Operators
• Ammonia Producers
• Methanol Producers
• Institutional investors
• Research institutions
• Hydrogen fuel pump developers and operators
• Research institutions and organizations

TABLE OF CONTENTS    
    
1 INTRODUCTION   
  1.1 KEY TAKE-AWAYS   
  1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION   
  1.3 MARKETS COVERED   
  1.4 STAKEHOLDERS   
  1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   
      1.5.1 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION   
      1.5.2 KEY DATA POINTS FROM SECONDARY SOURCES   
      1.5.3 LIST OF SECONDARY DATA SOURCES USED   
      1.5.4 KEY DATA POINTS FROM PRIMARY SOURCES   
      1.5.5 ASSUMPTION MADE FOR THIS REPORT   
    
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   
    
3 MARKET OVERVIEW   
  3.1 INTRODUCTION   
  3.2 WINNING IMPERATIVE   
      3.2.1 FOCUS ON EMERGING MARKETS   
      3.2.2 GEOGRAPHIC EXPANSION THROUGH ACQUISITIONS   
  3.3 BURNING ISSUE   
      3.3.1 HYDROGEN SAFETY   
      3.3.2 STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM   
      3.3.3 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT   
  3.4 MARKET DYNAMICS   
      3.4.1 DRIVERS   
            3.4.1.1 Strict regulatory norms to desulfurize petroleum products   
            3.4.1.2 Decreasing crude oil quality   
            3.4.1.3 Cleaner fuel option   
      3.4.2 RESTRAINTS   
            3.4.2.1 Expensive compared with fossil fuel   
            3.4.2.2 Lack of proper distribution & transportation infrastructure   
      3.4.3 OPPORTUNITIES   
            3.4.3.1 New application - Transportation fuel   
  3.5 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS   
  3.6 COST ANALYSIS   
  3.7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS   
  3.8 PORTER’S FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS – MERCHANT HYDROGEN   
      3.8.1 BARRIER TO ENTRY   
      3.8.2 THREAT FROM SUBSTITUTES   
      3.8.3 THREAT FROM SUPPLIERS   
      3.8.4 THREAT FROM BUYERS   
      3.8.5 DEGREE OF COMPETITION   
  3.9 PATENT ANALYSIS   
    
4 GLOBAL HYDROGEN GENERATION MARKET, BY MODE OF GENERATION & DELIVERY   
  4.1 CAPTIVE PRODUCTION   
  4.2 MERCHANT PRODUCTION   
      4.2.1 ON-SITE PRODUCTION   
      4.2.2 PIPELINE DELIVERY   
      4.2.3 CYLINDER & BULK DELIVERY   
    
5 GLOBAL HYDROGEN GENERATION MARKET, BY APPLICATIONS   
  5.1 PETROLEUM REFINING   
  5.2 AMMONIA PRODUCTION   
  5.3 METHANOL PRODUCTION   
  5.4 FUEL CELL   
    
6 GLOBAL HYDROGEN GENERATION MARKET, BY GENERATION TECHNOLOGY   
  6.1 INTRODUCTION   
  6.2 STEAM REFORMING   
  6.3 PARTIAL OXIDATION   
  6.4 GASIFICATION   
  6.5 ELECTROLYSIS   
    
7 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY   
  7.1 NORTH AMERICA   
      7.1.1 U.S.   
  7.2 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA   
  7.3 EUROPE & EURASIA   
  7.4 ASIA & OCEANIA   
  7.4.1 CHINA   
  7.5 MIDDLE EAST   
  7.6 AFRICA   
    
8 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE   
  8.1 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS   
  8.2 NEW PRODUCTS/PLANTS AND R&D DEVELOPMENTS   
  8.3 PARTNERSHIPS/COLLABORATIONS/JOINT VENTURES   
  8.4 EXPANSION   
  8.5 INVESTMENTS   
  8.6 SUPPLY AGREEMENTS   
    
9 COMPANY PROFILES   
  9.1 AIR LIQUIDE   
      9.1.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.1.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.1.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.1.4 STRATEGY   
      9.1.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.2 AIR PRODUCTS & CHEMICAL INC   
      9.2.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.2.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.2.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.2.4 STRATEGY   
      9.2.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.3 AIRGAS INC   
      9.3.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.3.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.3.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.3.4 STRATEGY   
      9.3.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.4 ALUMIFUEL POWER INC   
      9.4.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.4.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.4.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.4.4 STRATEGY   
      9.4.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.5 AVALENCE LLC   
      9.5.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.5.2 PRODUCT & SERVICES   
      9.5.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.5.4 STRATEGY   
      9.5.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.6 CALORIC ANLAGENBAU GMBH   
      9.6.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.6.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.6.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.6.4 STRATEGY   
      9.6.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.7 AIROX NIGEN EQUIPMENTS PVT. LTD   
      9.7.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.7.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.7.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.7.4 STRATEGY   
  9.8 H2SCAN CORPORATION   
      9.8.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.8.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.8.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.8.4 STRATEGY   
      9.8.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.9 HY9 CORPORATION   
      9.9.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.9.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.9.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.9.4 STRATEGY   
      9.9.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.10 HYDROGENICS CORPORATION   
      9.10.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.10.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.10.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.10.4 STRATEGY   
      9.10.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.11 IWATANI CORPORATION   
      9.11.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.11.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.11.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.11.4 STRATEGY   
      9.11.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.12 LINDE AG   
      9.12.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.12.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.12.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.12.4 STRATEGY   
      9.12.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.13 MESSER GROUP GMBH   
      9.13.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.13.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.13.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.13.4 STRATEGY   
      9.13.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.14 PRAXAIR INC   
      9.14.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.14.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.14.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.14.4 STRATEGY   
      9.14.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.15 PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS INC   
      9.15.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.15.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.15.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.15.4 STRATEGY   
      9.15.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.16 TAIYO NIPPON SANSO CORP.   
      9.16.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.16.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.16.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.16.4 STRATEGY   
      9.16.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.17 TELEDYNE ENERGY SYSTEMS INC   
      9.17.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.17.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.17.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.17.4 STRATEGY   
      9.17.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
  9.18 XEBEC ADSORPTION INC   
      9.18.1 OVERVIEW   
      9.18.2 PRODUCTS & SERVICES   
      9.18.3 FINANCIALS   
      9.18.4 STRATEGY   
      9.18.5 DEVELOPMENTS   
    
APPENDIX    
  U.S. PATENTS   
  EUROPE PATENTS   
  JAPAN PATENTS    
     
     
LIST OF TABLES     
    
TABLE 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY PLAYERS, 2009 – 2016 ($BILLION)   
TABLE 2 SULFUR LEVELS IN DIESEL, BY COUNTRY, 2008 – 2015 (PPM)   
TABLE 3 GHG EMISSIONS: HYDROGEN FUEL V/S. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS   
TABLE 4 TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELL COMMERCIALIZATION   
TABLE 5 FUEL CELL VEHICLES, BY AUTOMAKERS, 2010   
TABLE 6 MAJOR MERCHANT SUPPLIERS, BY REVENUE, 2010 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 7 MAJOR HYDROGEN PRODUCERS, BY GEOGRAPHY   
TABLE 8 HYDROGEN CAPITAL & PRODUCTION COST, BY TECHNOLOGY, FEEDSTOCK & CAPACITY FACTOR   
TABLE 9 U.S: PRICES OF LIQUID HYDROGEN, 2010   
TABLE 10 U.S: PRICES OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN, 2009   
TABLE 11 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY CAPTIVE & MERCHANT TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 12 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY CAPTIVE & MERCHANT TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($BILLION)   
TABLE 13 CAPTIVE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 14 CAPTIVE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 15 SUITABLE DELIVERY OPTION, BY CONSUMPTION VOLUME   
TABLE 16 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY PRODUCTION & DELIVERY MODES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 17 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY PRODUCTION & DELIVERY MODES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 18 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 19 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 20 U.S: HYDROGEN PIPELINES, BY STATES, 2006 – 2009 (MILES)   
TABLE 21 AVERAGE CAPACITY OF CYLINDER & TUBE TRAILER, BY GAS & LIQUID   
TABLE 22 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 23 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2010 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 24 REFINERY THROUGHPUT, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (MILLION BARREL/DAY)    
TABLE 25 ON PURPOSE REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 26 ON PURPOSE REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 27 REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY ON-PURPOSE & BY PRODUCT TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 28 ON-PURPOSE REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY CAPTIVE & MERCHANT TYPES 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 29 ON-PURPOSE REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY CAPTIVE & MERCHANT TYPES 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 30 CAPTIVE REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY  2011 - 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 31 MERCHANT REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY  2011 - 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 32 MERCHANT REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2011 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 33 AMMONIA PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 34 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FOR AMMONIA MANUFACTURING, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 35 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE FOR AMMONIA MANUFACTURING, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 36 METHANOL PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 37 METHANOL PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016  (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 38 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FOR METHANOL, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 39 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET FOR METHANOL, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($ MILLION)   
TABLE 40 GLOBAL HYDROGEN FUEL CELL MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 –2016 (MW)   
TABLE 41 WORLDWIDE MARKET POTENTIAL FOR FUEL CELLS BY APPLICATIONS, 2011 ($BILLION)   
TABLE 42 U.S: HYDROGEN VEHICLES ON ROAD, 2008   
TABLE 43 MAJOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROCESSES   
TABLE 44 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016  (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 45 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 47 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE,  BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 48 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 49 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 50 U.S: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES 2009 - 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 51 U.S: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 - 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 52 U.S: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 - 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 53 U.S: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 - 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 54 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 55 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 56 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 57 CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 58 EUROPE & EURASIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 59 EUROPE & EURASIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 60 EUROPE & EURASIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 61 EUROPE & EURASIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 62 ASIA & OCEANIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 63 ASIA & OCEANIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 64 ASIA & OCEANIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 65 ASIA & OCEANIA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 66 CHINA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 - 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 67 CHINA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 - 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 68 MIDDLE EAST: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
TABLE 69 MIDDLE EAST: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 70 MIDDLE EAST: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 71 MIDDLE EAST: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 72 AFRICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 73 AFRICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY APPLICATIONS, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)    
TABLE 74 AFRICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
TABLE 75 AFRICA: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET REVENUE, BY MERCHANT & CAPTIVE TYPES, 2009 – 2016 ($MILLION)   
TABLE 76 MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS, 2009 – 2011   
TABLE 77 NEW PRODUCTS/PLANTS AND R&D DEVELOPMENTS, 2009 – 2011   
TABLE 78 PARTNERSHIPS/COLLABORATIONS/JOINT VENTURES, 2009 – 2011   
TABLE 79 EXPANSIONS, 2009 – 2011   
TABLE 80 INVESTMENTS, 2008 – 2011   
TABLE 81 SUPPLY AGREEMENTS, 2008 – 2011   
    
     
LIST OF FIGURES     
    
FIGURE 1 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2009   
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, 2009 – 2016   
(THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
FIGURE 3 HYDROGEN INTENSITY IN PETROLEUM REFINERY, 2009 – 2016 (METRIC TON)   
FIGURE 4 OPERATING COST – HYDROGEN FUEL CELL V/S. IC ENGINE WITH GASOLINE   
FIGURE 5 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS – MERCHANT HYDROGEN INDUSTRY   
FIGURE 6 PATENT ANALYSIS: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY SHARE, BY COMPANIES, 2006 – 2011    
FIGURE 7 PATENT PUBLISHED, BY TECHNOLOGY, 2006 – 2011   
FIGURE 8 PATENT ANALYSIS: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, 2006 – 2011 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)    
FIGURE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2006 – 2011    
FIGURE 10 PATENT ANALYSIS: STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, 2006 – 2011 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)   
FIGURE 11 PATENT ANALYSIS: TRANSPORTATION & DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2006 – 2011 (NUMBER OF PATENTS)    
FIGURE 12 MARKET DEFINITION, HYDROGEN GENERATION & DELIVERY MODE   
FIGURE 13 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE IN TOTAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, 2006 – 2016   
FIGURE 14 MERCHANT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE, BY PRODUCTION & DELIVERY 2009 – 2016    
FIGURE 15 HYDROGEN APPLICATIONS   
FIGURE 16 HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, MARKET SHARE, BY APPLICATION, 2010   
FIGURE 17 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CAPACITY ADDITION FOR REFINERIES DURING 2011 – 2016, MARKET SHARE BY GEOGRAPHY   
FIGURE 18 CAPTIVE REFINERY HYDROGEN CAPACITY ADDITION DURING  2011 – 2016, MARKET SHARE BY GEOGRAPHY    
FIGURE 19 MERCHANT REFINERY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DURING 2011 – 2016, MARKET SHARE BY GEOGRAPHY   
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL AMMONIA PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2009   
FIGURE 21 AMMONIA PRODUCTION CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 2011 - 2016, MARKET SHARE BY GEOGRAPHY   
FIGURE 22 FUEL CELL MARKET SHARE, BY FUEL, 2010   
FIGURE 23 TRANSPORTATION FUEL CELL SYSTEM COST, 2002 – 2015 ($ PER KW)   
FIGURE 24 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE, BY GENERATION TECHNOLOGY, 2009   
FIGURE 25 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING STEAM METHANE REFORMING, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
FIGURE 26 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING PARTIAL OXIDATION OF OIL, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)    
FIGURE 27 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING COAL GASIFICATION, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
FIGURE 28 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION USING ELECTROLYSIS, 2009 – 2016 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)   
FIGURE 29 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SHARE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2010   
FIGURE 30 KEY STRATEGIES, 2009 – 2011   

The global on-purpose hydrogen production volume is estimated to be 53 thousand metric tons in 2010. Majority of the hydrogen is produced by captive production; approximately 12% is supplied by hydrogen producing companies (merchant production) such as Praxair, Linde, Airgas, Air Products & Chemical, etc.

Global Hydrogen Production, 2009 – 2016 (Thousand Metric Tons)

Source: MarketsandMarkets

Asia and Oceania region is the largest market while Europe and Eurasia region is the second largest producer and North America is in the third position. In terms of consumer, petroleum refineries are the largest consumer followed by ammonia industry and then methanol producers. All three major consumers use hydrogen as chemical compound. Hydrogen can also be used as fuel. Use of hydrogen in fuel cells is an emerging application and at commercialization stage. Transportation is the biggest segment where entry of fuel cell vehicles is awaited and their commercial launch will increase the hydrogen demand significantly.

Currently, hydrogen is produced by steam methane reforming (SMR), partial oxidation of oil, coal gasification and electrolysis of water. There are other technologies also, but their share is insignificant. SMR is the widely used method and half of the hydrogen is being produced using this technology. SMR is preferred due to low methane prices and its availability across all the regions.

Hydrogen is either produced at the point of consumption itself (on-site/distributed generation) or supplied from a central production facility (centralized generation). When produced in a central facility, it is supplied to the consumption point using pipelines, trailers or cylinders depend on quantity of the gas. On-site production facility either operated by the customer it self or third party (referred as merchant producer). Central production facilities are run by merchant producers. Central facilities are successful when customer base is dense otherwise on-site facilities are preferred.